If you've ever applied for a credit card, had your insurance premium calculated, or seen a "customers also bought" recommendation, you've been touched by gradient boosted decision trees. These algorithms—with names like XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost—have been the undisputed rulers of tabular machine learning for over a decade. Before we get into the advantages of tabular foundation models, let's understand why these traditional methods have worked so well.

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